Applied Chemistry for Fibres, Polymers and Sustainable Textiles

Classification of textile fibres; natural fibres (cotton, wool, silk, jute) and their chemical composition; synthetic fibres (nylon, polyester, acrylic); physical and chemical properties of fibres; moisture absorption and swelling; fibre morphology and structure-property relationship.

Polymer Chemistry and Fibre Formation: Introduction to polymers; monomers and polymerization; addition and condensation polymerization, copolymerization, step-growth and chain-growth mechanisms, melt, dry, and wet spinning processes, drawing and orientation, fiber crystallinity and amorphous regions, chemical modification of fibers (graft copolymerization, cross-linking), recycled and bio-based synthetic fibers (PLA, PHA)

Preparation processes (desizing, scouring, bleaching – chemistry and agents), chemistry of direct, reactive, acid, basic, vat, and disperse dyes, dye-fiber interactions and bonding mechanisms, printing pastes and thickeners, fixation chemistry, after-treatments, water and effluent chemistry in wet processing

Mechanical and chemical finishing principles, softeners (anionic, cationic, silicone-based), anti-wrinkle and easy-care finishes (DMDHEU chemistry), water-repellent finishes (fluorocarbon, C6 vs C8), flame-retardant finishes (halogenated and phosphorus-based), UV protection finishes, nanotechnology in textile finishing

Environmental issues in textile industry,Green chemistry in textile processing, biodegradable dyes and natural dyes, enzyme-based processes (amylases, cellulases, proteases), antimicrobial textiles (silver nanoparticles, chitosan, zinc oxide), phase-change materials in textiles, e-textiles chemistry, recycling of textile waste, circular economy in textile industry