Electronics Engineering Lab

List of Experiments / Activities

1. 1Unit I — Diode V-I Characteristics — Plot forward and reverse V-I characteristics of a silicon diode; identify knee voltage and reverse breakdown. Application: understanding the diode in a phone charger rectifier.
2. 2Unit I — Half-Wave and Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier — Set up half-wave and bridge rectifier circuits on breadboard; observe output waveforms on CRO without and with filter capacitor; measure DC output voltage. Application: DC power supply for a microcontroller development board.
3. 3Unit I — Zener Diode Voltage Regulator — Set up a Zener regulator circuit; vary input voltage and load; measure regulated output voltage; observe line and load regulation. Application: 5V/3.3V supply regulation for Arduino / Raspberry Pi.
4. 4Unit II — BJT as a Switch – LED and Relay Driver — Use an NPN BJT to switch an LED and a relay ON/OFF using a small base current from a signal source; observe saturation and cut-off. Application: microcontroller GPIO driving a relay to control a 230V lamp (home automation).
5. 5Unit II — MOSFET as a Switch – PWM Motor Speed Control — Use an N-channel MOSFET to control a small DC motor; apply a PWM signal (from signal generator or function generator) to gate; observe motor speed change. Application: motor speed control in drones, robots, and EV wheel drives.
6. 6Unit III — Op-Amp – Inverting and Non-Inverting Amplifier — Set up IC 741 in inverting (gain = – 10) and non-inverting (gain = +11) configurations; apply a 100 mV sinusoidal input; measure output voltage and verify gain. Application: amplifying a small sensor signal (microphone, thermocouple).
7. 7Unit III — Op-Amp as Comparator – Automatic Night Lamp — Set up op-amp comparator with an LDR (light sensor) as one input and a reference voltage divider as the other; observe output switching HIGH/LOW with changing light levels; drive an LED via transistor. Application: automatic street light / night lamp controller.
8. 8Unit IV — Logic Gate Truth Table Verification — Verify truth tables of AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XOR gates using a digital logic trainer (IC 7408, 7432, 7404, 7400, 7402, 7486); verify De Morgan's theorem using NAND and NOR gates. Application: basic building blocks of any digital system — CPU, microcontroller, FPGA.
9. 9Unit IV — Half Adder and Full Adder Circuit — Implement half adder using XOR + AND gates; implement full adder using two half adders + OR gate; verify truth table. Application: binary addition in CPU ALU; understanding how a computer adds two numbers.
10. 10Unit V — Solar Cell – I-V Characteristics and Maximum Power Point — Measure Voc and Isc of a solar cell; vary load resistor and plot I-V and P-V curves; identify Maximum Power Point (MPP). Application: sizing solar panels for IoT gateway nodes and off-grid sensor stations.
11. 11Unit V — IoT Sensor Node – Temperature and Humidity Monitoring (Demo) — Set up an Arduino/NodeMCU with a DHT11/DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor; display readings on serial monitor; (if Wi-Fi available) send data to a free IoT dashboard. Application: smart home weather station, server room environment monitoring, campus IoT node.
12. 12Unit I–V — Mini Project / Simulation – Circuit Design on Falstad / Tinkercad — Students design and simulate a chosen circuit (rectifier + Zener supply, transistor relay driver, op-amp amplifier, or logic circuit) on Falstad or Tinkercad; present findings. Application: industry uses EDA tools for every circuit — this is the first step.