Surveying

Definition, classification, principles of surveying, Units of measurement, Scale, Signs convention. Importance of surveying in the field of architecture introduction to different types of surveying instruments and methods used.

Plane Table Survey Plane table and accessories, Methods of plane table survey, Radiation, Intersection, Traversing and resection.

The prismatic compass, Surveyor compass and its construction and uses, Reduced and whole circle bearing, Magnetic declination, Effect of local attraction.

Definition, Types of level, Booking and reduction of levels, Profile & cross section leveling, Errors in leveling. Characteristics of contours, Direct and indirect methods of contouring, Interpolation, Uses of contours, Calculation of area & volume.

Study of instruments, Definition of different terms, Temporary adjustments, Uses, Measuring horizontal and vertical angles, Method of repetition, Extension of lines. LIST OF ASSIGNMENTS (Field Exercises & Drawings) 1. To find out horizontal distance between two points and plotting the details on lateral side of chain line using chain, tape, ranging rod & cross staff etc. 2. Two point problem & three point problem. 3. Making L-section & Cross section of a profile. 4. Making grids on ground using theodolite & taking spot level &drawing contour lines. 5. Making a regular polygon in field and finding error of closure using different equipment.