Problem Solving Using C

Approaches to problem solving, Use of high level programming language for systematic development of programs, Concept of algorithm and flowchart, Concept and role of structured programming. Basics of C: History of C, Salient features of C, Structure of C Program, Compiling C Program, Link and Run C Program, Character set, Tokens, Keywords, Identifiers, Constants, Variables, Instructions, Data types, Standard Input/Output, Operators and expressions.

if, if-else, and nested if-else statements, Switch statements, Restrictions on switch values, Use of break and default with switch, Comparison of switch and if-else. Loops and Iteration: for, while and do-while loops, Multiple loop variables, Nested loops, Assignment operators, break and continue statement. Functions: Introduction, Types, Declaration of a Function, Function calls, Defining functions, Function Prototypes, Passing arguments to a function Return values and their types, Writing multifunction program, Calling function by value, Recursive functions.

Array notation and representation, Declaring one-dimensional array, Initializing arrays, Accessing array elements, Manipulating array elements, Arrays of unknown or varying size, Two-dimensional arrays, Multidimensional arrays. Pointers: Introduction, Characteristics, * and & operators, Pointer type declaration and assignment, Pointer arithmetic, Call by reference, Passing pointers to functions, arrayof pointers, Pointers to functions, Pointer to pointer, Array of pointers. Strings: Introduction, Initializing strings, Accessing string elements, Array of strings, Passing strings to functions, String functions.

Introduction, Initializing, defining and declaring structure, Accessing members, Operations on individual members, Operations on structures, Structure within structure, Array of structure, Pointers to structure. Union: Introduction, Declaring union, Usage of unions, Operations on union. Enumerated data types Storage classes: Introduction, Types- automatic, register, static and external.

Introduction to searching and sorting, Linear search, Binary search, Selection sort, Bubble sort. Dynamic Memory Allocation: Introduction, Library functions – malloc, calloc, realloc and free. File Handling: Basics, File types, File operations, File pointer, File opening modes, File handling functions, File handling through command line argument, Record I/O in files.